In most low- and middle-income countries, primary eye care services are defective and are inadequately integrated into primary health care and national health systems. Shortage of eye care human resources, lack of educational skills, paucity of funds, limited access to instrumentation and treatment modalities, poor outreach, lack of transportation, and fear of surgery represent the major barriers to its large-scale diffusion. Although a few models already exist, the majority of health systems still face the challenges in the implementation of CEC, mainly due to political, economic, and logistic barriers. It should encompass not only treatment, but also prevention, promotion, and rehabilitation of incurable blindness. ![]() As we move from a disease-specific care model toward comprehensive eye care (CEC), there is a need for a more holistic and integrated approach involving the health system.
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